Syllabus

🔹 Unit I – Polygenic Traits & Inheritance

Hours: 8 | Marks: 8

1.1 Analysis of Variation

Variation चे दोन प्रकार:

Genetic Variation

Genes मुळे होणारा फरक

Example: Height

Environmental Variation

Environment मुळे होणारा फरक

Example: Nutrition

1.2 Heritability

Definition:

Trait parents पासून offspring मध्ये किती प्रमाणात transfer होतो

Formula:

$$h^2 = \frac{Genetic\ Variation}{Total\ Variation}$$

Range:

0 ते 1

1.3 Inbreeding

Definition:

Close relatives mating

Example:

Consanguineous marriage

Effects:

• Genetic disorders increase

• Homozygosity increase

1.4 Coefficient of Inbreeding

Definition:

Relatedness measure

Symbol:

F

Range:

0 to 1

1.5 Linkage and Mapping

Definition:

Genes together inherited

Gene Mapping

Chromosome location detection

Unit:

Centimorgan (cM)

🔹 Unit II – Population and Evolutionary Genetics

Hours: 8 | Marks: 8

2.1 Genetic Polymorphism

Definition:

More than one allele in population

Example:

Blood group

2.2 Genetic Drift

Definition:

Random change in gene frequency

Example:

Small population

2.3 Genetics of Speciation

Definition:

Formation of new species

Types:

• Classical

• Modern

2.4 Population Genetics Terms

Gene Pool

All genes in population

Gene Frequency

Allele frequency

2.5 Hardy-Weinberg Law

Formula:

$$p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1$$

Condition:

Population equilibrium

🔹 Unit III – Inherited Disorders & Clinical Genetics

Hours: 7 | Marks: 7

3.1 Genetic Disorders

Types:

Single Gene Disorder

Example:

Sickle cell anemia

Multifactorial Disorder

Example:

Diabetes

Chromosomal Disorder

Example:

Down syndrome

3.2 Somatic Cell Analysis

Used in diagnosis

3.3 Metabolic Disorders

Examples:

Protein disorders

Lipid disorders

3.4 Prenatal Diagnosis

Amniocentesis

Amniotic fluid testing

Chorionic Sampling

Placenta testing

🔹 Unit IV – Environment and Genome

Hours: 7 | Marks: 7

4.1 Imprinting and Epigenetics

Definition:

Gene expression change without DNA change

Example:

DNA methylation

4.2 Genetics of Cancer

Cause:

Mutation

Oncogenes

Cancer causing genes

Example:

RAS gene

4.3 Tumor Suppressor Genes

Prevent cancer

Example:

p53 gene

4.4 Genetics of Ageing

Cause:

DNA damage

Example:

Telomere shortening

 To enable the students, understand Population and Evolutionary genetics.

 To describe the concepts of Linkage.

 To understand the importance of pre - natal diagnosis and learn about inherited disease

 To understand Genetic basis of Cancer