To be eligible for admission to a 3-year Bachelor of Science (B.sc) degree program in colleges affiliated with Sant Gadge Baba Amravati University, a student typically needs to have successfully completed their Higher Secondary Certificate (HSC) in either the science or Science field and maintained a consistent academic record throughout their educational career.

Course Information

Semester: I

Course Code: 108200
Course Name: General Chemistry – I
Exam Duration: 2 Hours
Maximum Marks: 50 (Theory – 30 + Internal – 20)

Syllabus 

Unit I – Atomic Structure and Periodic Table

A) Atomic Structure:
Bohr atomic theory – postulates and limitations; quantum numbers; concept of atomic orbitals; shapes of s, p, and d orbitals; Aufbau principle, Pauli’s exclusion principle, and Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity; electronic configuration of elements.

B) Long Form of Periodic Table:
Classification of elements as metals, non-metals, and metalloids; main group, transition, and inner-transition elements; position of elements in the periodic table based on electronic configuration; atomic radius and its types; ionic radius; comparison of atomic and ionic radii.

Unit II – Periodicity in Properties

The screening effect, Slater’s rule, and effective nuclear charge (with numerical examples).
Variation of atomic radii in periods and groups.
Ionization enthalpy: Definition, factors affecting ionization energy, and its variation in the periodic table.
Electron gain enthalpy (electron affinity): Definition and trends in the periodic table.
Electronegativity: Definition, Pauling’s and Mulliken’s scales, variation across the periodic table, and its relation to partial ionic character in covalent bonds.

Unit III – Organic Compounds and Electronic Effects

A) Classification and nomenclature of organic compounds; hybridization and shapes of methane, ethane, ethylene, and acetylene; bond lengths, bond angles, and bond energies.
Hydrogen bonding in organic compounds (alcohols, phenols, amines, acids) and its consequences.

B) Electronic Displacements: Inductive, electromeric, resonance, and mesomeric effects; hyperconjugation and their applications.
Concept of dipole moment; organic acids and bases – their relative strengths and factors affecting pKa values.

Unit IV – Organic Reactions, Intermediates and Aromaticity

A) Homolytic and heterolytic fission with examples; curly arrow rules, formal charges, electrophiles and nucleophiles; concepts of nucleophilicity and basicity.

B) Types, shapes, and relative stabilities of reaction intermediates – carbocations, carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, and nitrenes.
Mechanisms of addition, elimination, and substitution reactions.

C) Structural Isomerism: Definition, classification with examples.

Aromaticity: Criteria for aromaticity, Huckel’s rule, benzenoid and non-benzenoid compounds, antiaromatic and non-aromatic compounds, and modern theory of aromaticity.

After successful completion of the course, a student will be able to:

1. Recall the postulates of Bohr’s atomic theory.

2. Identify the quantum numbers associated with and describe the shapes of atomic orbitals.

3. Write electronic configurations of elements and classify them accordingly.

4. Explain the screening effect and its relevance to atomic properties.

5. Analyze the variation of periodic properties across periods and groups.

6. Evaluate electronegativity trends using Pauling’s and Mulliken’s scales.

7. Differentiate between inductive, electromeric, resonance, and mesomeric effects.

8. Assess the relative strengths of organic acids and bases.

9. Describe the structure and stability of benzene.

10. Apply Huckel’s rule of aromaticity.